What is a black hole?

 

Black holes are one of the strangest and most interesting objects in space. They are so dense, so attractive that even light cannot escape their senses if they are close enough.

Albert Einstein began to predict the existence of black holes in 1916, with his common view of relation or the theory of general relativity . The term “black hole” was coined many years later in 1967 by American astronomer John Wheeler. After decades of black holes being known only as theoretical, the first black hole was discovered in 1971.

After that, in 2019 the collaboration of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) released the first image ever recorded in a black hole. EHT spotted a black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy while the telescope explored the horizon of the event, or previous location with no escape from the black hole. The image shows a sudden loss of photons (light particles). It also opens up a whole new area of ​​research in black holes, now that astronomers know what a black hole looks like.

To date, astronomers have identified three types of black holes: black holes, high black holes and black center holes. 

The above image is the first picture of black Hole 

Stellar black holes — small but deadly

When a star burns with its final fuel, an object can fall, or fall on itself. With smaller stars (those about three times the size of the sun), the new core will be a neutron star or white back. But when the big star falls, it keeps getting crowded and forming a magnificent black hole.

The black holes formed by each fall of the stars are very small, but surprisingly dense. One of these is three times the size of the sun. This leads to an insignificant amount of gravitational pull on the objects around the object. Stellar's black holes then use dust and gas from their surrounding galaxies, which keeps them growing in size.

According to the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, "the Milky Way contains a few hundred million black holes.

Supermassive black holes — the birth of giants

Small black holes fill the universe , but their cousins, high black holes, rule the universe . These giant black holes are millions or even billions of times as high as the sun, but they are about the same size. Such black holes are thought to reside in the center of the entire galaxy, including the Milky Way.

Scientists are not sure how such large black holes reproduce. Once the giants are built, they collect a pile of dust and gas around them, a number of devices in the center of galaxies, allowing them to grow to an enormous size.

Large black holes can be the result of hundreds or thousands of dark black holes that come together. Large gas clouds can also be bound, fall together and add up quickly. The third option is the collapse of a cluster, a group of stars all falling together. Fourth, very large black holes can appear in large sections of black matter. This is something we can see by its gravity; however, we do not know what black object is made of because it does not emit light and cannot be seen directly.

Illustration of a young black hole, such as the two distant dust-free quasars spotted recently by the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Intermediate black holes  — stuck in the middle

Scientists once thought that black holes came in only small and large sizes, but recent research has suggested that there may be medium, or intermediate sizedm, black holes (IMBHs). Such bodies may form when stars intersect in a series of collisions. Several of these IMBHs that form in the same region can eventually fall together in the center of the galaxy and create a large black hole.

In 2014, astronomers discovered what appeared to be a black hole in the center of the galaxy's arm.

"Astronomers have been keenly interested in the black holes in the center," co-author Tim Roberts, of the University of Durham in the United Kingdom, said in a statement. "There have been suggestions that they exist, but IMBHs have been acting as a long-lost relative who has no interest in being found."

A new study, released in 2018, has suggested that these IMBHs may be present in the heart of short (or very small galaxies) galaxies. Recognition of 10 such galaxies (five of which were previously unknown to science prior to this recent study) revealed X-ray activity - most common in black holes - suggesting the presence of black holes ranging from 36,000 to 316,000 masses of the sun. The information came from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which analyzes about one million galaxies and is able to detect light commonly seen from dark holes that pick up debris nearby.

What do black holes look like? 

The black holes have three "layers": the outer and inner surface of the event, and the unity.

The boundary of the black hole event is the boundary around the mouth of the black hole, which passes where the light does not escape. If a particle crosses the horizon, it cannot leave. Gravity is constant on the horizon.

The inner region of the black hole, where the weight of the object is known, is known as its unity, one point at a time when the focus is on the size of the black hole.

Scientists cannot see dark holes in the way they see stars and other objects in space. Instead, astronomers should rely on the discovery of black holes that emit dust and gas from dense vegetation. But high black holes, lying in the center of the galaxy, can be covered by thick dust and gas around them, which can block the telltale emissions.

Sometimes, as the matter is dragged into a black hole, it thrives at the event and is thrown out, rather than dragged into the river. Light jets of life-speed moving objects have been created. Although the black hole remains invisible, these powerful jets can be viewed from afar.

The image of the Event Horizon Telescope black hole on the M87 (released in 2019) was a huge effort, requiring two years of research even if the images were taken. That's because telescope interaction, which is accessible in many viewing locations around the world, produces a staggering amount of data that can be transmitted over the Internet.

In time, researchers hope to put some black holes in it and build a repository for the appearance of objects. The next target could be Sagittarius A *, a black hole in the center of our Milky Way galaxy. Sagittarius A * is surprising because it is quieter than expected, possibly due to the magnetic field that disrupts its function, says a 2019 study. Another study that year showed that a cool gas halo around the Sagittarius A *, giving unprecedented insight into the nature of the black hole.

There are some Shining light on black holes as the second image on this blog ...

In 2015, astronomers using the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves from collecting black holes.

"We also confirm that there are more than 20 black holes in the sun - these are things we did not know existed before LIGO discovered them," David Shoemaker, spokesman for LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), said in a statement. LIGO visibility also provides insight into directing a black hole. Since two black holes rotate around each other, they can rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction.

There are two theories as to how black binary holes form. The first suggests that the two black holes in the binary are about the same time, from two stars that were born together and died in an explosion at the same time. The corresponding stars would also have the same spin orientation, so the two black holes left behind would also occur.

Under the second model, the black holes in the constellation sink to the center of the cluster and pair. These friends will have random spin directions in comparison to each other. LIGO's perception of compact black holes with different rotation patterns provides compelling evidence for this design theory.

"We are beginning to collect real statistics on black binary systems," said LIGO scientist Keita Kawabe of Caltech, based at the LIGO Hanford Observatory. "That's exciting because some types of black binary formats are attractive to others right now, and in the future we can reduce this."

Weird facts about black holes ...

 * If you fall into a black hole, the myth has long suggested that gravity will stretch you like spaghetti, even though your death may come before you reach unity. But a 2012 study published in the journal Nature suggested that quantum effects could cause the atmosphere to act like a wall of fire, which would soon burn to death.

 * Black holes are not narrow. Pulling is caused by something pulling in the vacuum, which is the black hole that is not. Instead, things fall into place just as surely as they fall into any trace of gravity, such as the Earth.

* The first thing to be considered a black hole is Cygnus X-1. Cygnus X-1 became the talk of the town in 1974 between Stephen Hawking and physicist Kip Thorne, claiming that Hawking was not a black hole. In 1990, Hawking conceded defeat.

·        Small black holes may form immediately behind the Big Bang. The fast-growing space is likely to compel some regions into smaller, dense black holes under the sun.

·        If  too close to a black hole, the star could split in half.

·        Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way has from 10 million to 1 billion black holes, which are three times larger than the sun.

·        The black holes live in a horrible fad of science fiction books and movies. Watch the movie “Interstellar,” which relied heavily on Thorne to incorporate science. Thorne’s work with the movie’s special effects team has led scientists to a better understanding of how distant stars can appear when viewed near a fast-moving black hole.

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All Images Source: Space.com