Parallel Universes: Theories & Evidence

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Parallel Universe

Is our universe unique? From science fiction to science fact, there is a concept that suggests that there can be universe other than us, where all the choices you make in this life have been played out in alternative realities. The concept is known as the "parallel universe", and is an aspect of the astronomical theory of variations.

This idea pervades comic books, video games, television and films. The franchisees use the idea to expand the plot from "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" to "Star Trek" to "Doctor Who" to "Digman". (A full list of parallel universes in the narrative is at the bottom of the article.)

There is indeed considerable evidence for a multi-colored. First, it is useful to understand how our universe is perceived.

Arguing for a multiverse

Just 13.7 billion years ago, simply speaking, everything we know in the universe was an infinite eccentricity. Then, according to the Big Bang theory, some unknown trigger extended and inflated it into three-dimensional space. As the immense energy of this initial expansion cooled, the light began to shine. Eventually, small particles began to form into large pieces of galaxies, stars and planets as we know them today.

A big question with this theory is, are we the only universe? With our current technology, we are limited to observations within this universe because the universe is curved and we are inside the fishbow, unable to see it outside (if one is outside).

1. Infinite universes

We do not know exactly what the shape of space-time is. A major theory is that it is flat and goes on forever. This would present the possibility of being outside of many universes. But with that subject in mind, it is possible that the universe may begin to repeat itself. This is because particles can only be held together in so many ways. More about it in a moment.

2. Bubble universes.

Another theory for multiple universes comes from "eternal inflation". Based on research by Tufts University cosmologist Alexander Wilkin, when looking at space-time as a whole, some areas of space inflate like the Big Bang, like our own universe. However, others will continue to grow up. So if we see our universe as a bubble, it is a space bubble sitting in a network of universes. The interesting thing about this theory is that other universes may have very different laws of physics, because they are not connected.

3. Daughter universes.

Or perhaps many cosmologists may follow the theory of quantum mechanics (how sub-atoms behave particles) as part of the "daughter universe" theory. If you follow the laws of probability, it suggests that for every outcome that comes to your decision, the universe will have a boundary - each of which was seen as a consequence. So in a universe, you took that job to China. In another, perhaps you were on your way and your plane landed somewhere else, and you decided to stop. And so on.

4. Mathematical universes. 

Another possible avenue is exploring mathematical universes, which simply explain how the structure of mathematics depends on which universe you live in. "The mathematical structure is something that you can describe in such a way that it is completely independent of human goods," said the theory-proponent of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Max Tegmark, in a 2012 article. "I really believe that it is the universe that there can exist independently that would exist even if there were no humans."

5. Parallel universes.

And last but not least as the idea of ​​parallel universes. Going back to the idea that space-time is flat, the number of possible particle configurations in many universes will be limited to 10 ^ 10 ^ 122 different probabilities, to be precise. Therefore, with an infinite number of cosmic patches, the particle arrangement within them has to be repeated - infinitely many times over. This means that there are infinitely many "parallel universes": cosmic patches are exactly the same as ours (someone exactly like yours), as well as patches that differ only by the position of one particle, patches that are of two particles. The positions vary, and similarly below the patches which are completely different from ours.

As a family, physicist Stephen Hawking's last paper before his death also dealt with multiverse. The paper was published in May 2018, a few months after Hawking's death. Regarding the theory, he told the University of Cambridge in an interview published in The Washington Post, "We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings affect a very small range of possible small universes of multiverse. "

Arguing against a parallel universe

Multiverse

Although not everyone agrees with the parallel universe theory. A 2015 article on the medium by astrophysicist Ethan Sigal agreed that space-time theory could go on forever, but said there are some limitations with that idea.

The main problem of the universe is only 14 billion years old. So the age of our universe is clearly not infinite, but a finite amount. This (simply put) will limit the number of chances of the particles to rearrange themselves, and sadly, it is possible that your alternative found itself after seeing China on that plane.

Furthermore, the expansion happened rapidly in the beginning of the universe because there was a lot of "energy inherent to space," he said. But over time, this inflation apparently slowed - the expansion of particles of matter produced in the Big Bang. Not continuing, he said. Between his findings: This means that there will be different rates of multiverse inflation and different times for inflation (longer or shorter). It reduces the chances of a universe similar to our own. .

Seagal stated, "Even establishing issues such that there can be an infinite number of infinite values ​​for fundamental constants, particles and interactions, and can even set interpretation issues, such as That actually describes our physical reality, "The fact of the matter is that the number of possible outcomes increases so rapidly - only so rapidly so rapidly - that as long as inflation has actually been for an infinite time, Until then, there are no parallel universes. "

But instead of seeing this lack of other universes as a limitation, Sigal instead takes the philosophy that shows how important it is to celebrate being unique. He advises making choices that work for you, which "leave you with no regrets." This is because there are no other realities where your dream options go out; Therefore, you are the only person who can make those choices.

Image Source : Space.com